Publications
Publications
Explore papers on polygenic risk, EHR-linked biobanks, prediction using several types of data, pharmacogenetics, and related methods.
Browse the full publication record, including contributing and consortium papers. Choose “Selected” to see journal papers in which Lars Fritsche is a first, shared-first, last, or shared-senior author. Consortium credits identify papers that list Lars among collaborators rather than in the main author list.
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163 publications
Polygenic risk scores for prediction of immune checkpoint inhibitor thyroid toxicity in diverse populations
Clinical Cancer Research
Why it matters: Treatment-related outcomes include adverse effects as well as benefits. In 4,289 veterans treated with checkpoint inhibitors, an updated hypothyroidism polygenic score predicted thyroiditis in both the non-Hispanic White and Black patient groups, but not in chemotherapy controls. The older score, which was derived from European-ancestry data, did not predict thyroiditis in the Black patient group. This shows why scores need to be validated in each population and treatment setting.
OCT-based AI-assisted phenotyping of intermediate AMD in the prospective PINNACLE trial: PINNACLE Study Report 9
Br J Ophthalmol
Precision approaches for scalable digital and clinic-based interventions in mental health
Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging
Why it matters: Digital tools can widen access, but low engagement and modest average effects mean that scale alone is not enough. Written by the three COMPASS co-leads, the perspective asks whether mobile, genetic, and clinical data can help tailor both conventional and digital treatment.
Assessing the Clinical Utility of Published Prostate Cancer Polygenic Risk Scores in a Large Biobank Data Set
European Urology Oncology
Why it matters: Researchers tested 16 published prostate cancer scores in the Michigan Genomics Initiative (MGI) and used detailed biopsy data to evaluate their clinical utility. Even the best-performing score separated cases from controls only modestly, and none distinguished aggressive from indolent disease. Predicting a diagnosis is not the same as identifying the cancers that most need treatment.
Expanding biobank pharmacogenomics through machine learning calls of structural variation
Genetics
Why it matters: Common genotyping arrays do not directly capture complex pharmacogenetic variants such as the CYP2D6*5 deletion. The method infers the deletion from array intensities, allowing it to be studied in existing biobank data for drug-response research.
Improving prediction models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using polygenic, pre-existing conditions, and survey-based risk scores in the UK Biobank
Journal of Neurology
Why it matters: Genetics, diagnoses, and survey measures did not contribute equally. In UK Biobank, polygenic scores for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) offered modest discrimination. Adding diagnoses recorded before onset improved discrimination, while adding the exposure score did not. In this analysis, combining more types of data did not necessarily improve prediction.
To weight or not to weight? The effect of selection bias in 3 large electronic health record-linked biobanks and recommendations for practice
J Am Med Inform Assoc
Why it matters: Weighting is not an automatic fix for a nonrepresentative biobank. Across three cohorts, it changed prevalence and targeted effect estimates more than broad discovery analyses. The practical lesson is to define the target population and estimand first, then decide whether weighting improves the analysis.
Epidemiologic Questionnaire (EPI-Q) - a scalable, app-based health survey linked to electronic health record and genotype data
Epidemiol Health
Why it matters: Clinical records include diagnoses, visits, and prescriptions but omit many aspects of a patient's experience. EPI-Q links standardized self-reports—including mood, depression, anxiety, stress, pain, and substance use—with genotype and EHR data. Its 10% response rate also means that participation bias must be considered.
The Michigan Genomics Initiative: A biobank linking genotypes and electronic clinical records in Michigan Medicine patients
Cell Genom
Why it matters: MGI illustrates how a health-system biobank can complement population-based cohorts. Recruiting through surgical care provides useful case counts for many clinical outcomes, even in a smaller cohort. That sampling design still needs to be considered when interpreting the results.
Identifying the prevalence of clinically actionable drug-gene interactions in a health system biorepository to guide pharmacogenetics implementation services
Clin Transl Sci
Why it matters: Pharmacogenetics matters clinically when a patient carries a relevant genotype and receives a medication whose dosing or effects may depend on it. In MGI, guideline-defined drug–gene interactions appeared across specialties, and nearly a quarter of evaluable patients had more than one. That pattern supports panel-based, system-wide implementation rather than tackling one gene and drug at a time.
ExPRSweb: An online repository with polygenic risk scores for common health-related exposures
American Journal of Human Genetics
Why it matters: Smoking, body mass, lipid levels, and other exposures that shape disease risk are absent or unevenly recorded in clinical data. ExPRSweb evaluates whether genetic predisposition to these exposures adds information to phenome-wide analyses and prediction. These genetic scores can complement measured exposure data, but they do not replace it.
Polygenic Liability to Depression Is Associated With Multiple Medical Conditions in the Electronic Health Record: Phenome-wide Association Study of 46,782 Individuals
Biol Psychiatry
Why it matters: In 46,782 MGI participants of European ancestry, a depression polygenic score was associated with diagnoses well beyond depression, including after patients with recorded depression were removed. The result informs COMPASS study design, but broad population associations should not be treated as predictions of an individual's response to treatment.
Unbiased immune profiling reveals a natural killer cell-peripheral nerve axis in fibromyalgia
Pain
Why it matters: No single assay is likely to capture all of the biology underlying fibromyalgia. Across patient cohorts, flow cytometry, blood transcriptomics, genetic analyses, and skin biopsy each pointed toward altered natural killer (NK) cell biology, including NK cells near peripheral nerves. Together, the findings support further study of a possible role for NK cells, but they do not show that NK cells cause fibromyalgia.
Genome-wide analysis identifies impaired axonogenesis in chronic overlapping pain conditions
Brain
Why it matters: Combining all chronic pain locations into one phenotype can obscure important biological differences. Genetic contributions were stronger for multisite than single-site pain; nine of 23 multisite loci replicated in HUNT, while functional genomics and brain imaging pointed toward axonogenesis and corticolimbic circuitry. The results also depend on how researchers define the pain phenotype.
On cross-ancestry cancer polygenic risk scores
PLOS Genetics
Why it matters: Breast and prostate cancer scores built from genome-wide association studies in people of European ancestry performed differently across ancestry groups in UK Biobank, so the same absolute cutoff did not apply to every group. Within each group, rankings still separated people by risk. The paper shows the difference between a score that ranks risk within a group and one that can be interpreted the same way across groups.
Changes in COVID-19-related outcomes, potential risk factors and disparities over time
Epidemiology & Infection
Phenotype risk scores (PheRS) for pancreatic cancer using time-stamped electronic health record data: Discovery and validation in two large biobanks
J Biomed Inform
Why it matters: Adding timing to diagnosis codes made the phenotype more informative than a simple comorbidity list. A pancreatic cancer phenotype score built in the Michigan Genomics Initiative (MGI) from records five years before diagnosis also showed an association in UK Biobank and added information beyond a cancer polygenic risk score (PRS) and standard risk factors. This shows what longitudinal phenotyping and external validation can contribute.
Cancer PRSweb: An Online Repository with Polygenic Risk Scores for Major Cancer Traits and Their Evaluation in Two Independent Biobanks
American Journal of Human Genetics
Why it matters: Cancer PRSweb evaluated published cancer scores with the same methods in two independent biobanks. The side-by-side results show how performance differs by source GWAS, score-building method, phenotype definition, and cohort.
The emerging landscape of health research based on biobanks linked to electronic health records: Existing resources, statistical challenges, and potential opportunities
Stat Med
Why it matters: Biobank scale does not make study-design problems disappear. This paper examines recurring issues—including who is recruited, how phenotypes are defined, and when data are missing—and uses MGI and UK Biobank to show why the same analysis can mean different things in different cohorts.
Exploring various polygenic risk scores for skin cancer in the phenomes of the Michigan genomics initiative and the UK Biobank with a visual catalog: PRSWeb
PLOS Genetics
Why it matters: The first PRSweb study compared scores directly rather than simply listing them. Comparisons of methods and skin-cancer subtypes across MGI and UK Biobank showed how phenotype definition and cohort context affect the result. The visual catalog made those comparisons available for others to inspect and reuse.
Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies: A practical guide
Integrating omics data
Genetics
Age-related macular degeneration
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